![]() Researchers have examined the personality correlates of gambling using various methods, ranging from reviews to empirical studies. Prior research on personality and problem gambling In addition to sociodemographic variables, personality factors such as the Big Five and locus of control were found to be associated with gambling behavior. By contrast, in samples involving a wider age span, age was not significantly related to problem gambling. Studies have found higher age to be related to problem gambling when samples consisted of young adults (but see for similar findings in an older sample). With regard to age, findings have been more mixed. Across studies, male sex and a lower educational level were predictive of problem gambling. What predicts individual differences in the extent of gambling? Research has shown that sociodemographic variables are related to gambling behavior. Whereas recreational gambling may help to improve physical and mental functioning, problem and pathological gambling have been found to be related to obesity, increased stress, and poorer physical health, violent behavior, and even suicidal thoughts or attempts. Among these regular gamblers, participation in lotteries was most common (76%), followed by instant scratch tickets (22%), and electronic gaming machines (21%). For Australia, there exist reliable statistics on gambling prevalence rates: In 2015, an estimated 39% of Australian adults gambled regularly. The worldwide lifetime prevalence of problem gambling is 2.3%, and the lifetime prevalence of pathological gambling is between 0.42 and 0.6%. adults have gambled at least once in their lives 60% in the past year. ![]() Gambling is widespread: Statistics show that approximately 85% of U.S. In addition, the term problem gambling is often used to describe gambling that negatively affects functioning and relationships without necessarily meeting DSM or ICD criteria for pathological gambling or gambling disorder. The latter term refers to persistent and recurrent gambling behavior that leads to clinically significant distress and interference with functioning in major life domains. It may be viewed along a severity continuum with recreational gambling activities at one end of the scale and pathological gambling (the term used in DSM-IV and ICD-10) or gambling disorder (the term used in DSM-5) at the other end. Gambling can be defined as an activity that involves risking money on the result of something, such as a game or horse race, with the hope that one will make money. The authors confirm that they did not have any special access privileges.įunding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Data are available at with the permission of the Melbourne Institute. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the Melbourne Institute. Received: OctoAccepted: Published: June 14, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 von der Heiden, Egloff. PLoS ONE 16(6):Įditor: Frantisek Sudzina, Aalborg University, DENMARK Our findings reveal the importance of including personality traits when explaining gambling behavior.Ĭitation: von der Heiden JM, Egloff B (2021) Associations of the Big Five and locus of control with problem gambling in a large Australian sample. ![]() These results remained constant across various robustness analyses. Specifically, a low level of emotional stability, an external locus of control, and, to a lesser extent, a low level of conscientiousness and a high level of extraversion were predictive of problem gambling, whereas openness and agreeableness were not. Findings showed that male sex and a lower level of education were related to problem gambling, but personality traits were predictive of problem gambling over and above sociodemographic variables. We used a large sample of more than 12,500 individuals (46% male, M age = 48, SD age = 18) from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey and analyzed sociodemographic and personality variables (Big Five, locus of control) as well as the extent of problem gambling. With the present research, we aimed to investigate the correlates of problem gambling. ![]() A rising number of gamblers experience adverse consequences from gambling, termed problem gambling, which may become a challenge for the individual and society. Gambling may range from being a recreational leisure activity to a behavioral addiction. ![]()
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